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An Analysis of Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions

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An Analysis of Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Introduction      Geert Hofstede’s cultural dimensions outline “six basic issues that society needs to come to terms with in order to organize itself” (Hofstede, n.d.). These include how societies deal with uncertainty, power dynamics, success, and more. Ideally, the goal of these dimensions is to map out and compare societies to better understand how they differ from one another and for what reasons. While Hofstede’s work has been criticized, it is highly influential in sociology and cultural studies. In what follows, I will examine two countries—Canada and Japan (see Figure 1)—and analyze whether each country’s score on the six dimensions makes sense (i.e., corresponds to my lived experience). Figure 1. Dimensional scores of Canada and Japan from  The Culture Factor Power Distance      Power Distance is defined as “the extent to which the less powerful members of institutions and organizations...

Hofstede Model Indulgence vs. Restraint

On Indulgence and Restraint Overview     Indulgence versus restraint is the newest cultural dimension in Hofstede's model; it was added in 2010. This dimension, while nevertheless unique, is "more or less complementary to Long-versus Short-Term Orientation" (Hofstede, 2011, p. 15). Indulgence and restraint are defined by hofstede as follows: Indulgence stands for a society that allows relatively free gratification of basic and natural human desires related to enjoying life and having fun. Restraint stands for a society that controls gratification of needs and regulates it by means of strict social norms. (Hofstede, 2011, p. 15)      Put simply, individuals in indulgent societies are somewhat care-free (perhaps more liberal) both with their finances and social opinions, whereas individuals in restrained societies are less so. Neither is necessarily better. Canada and Japan     According to Hofstede's website , Canada scored 68 and Japan scored 42 (highe...